Astronoka is officially described as a "space vegetable production and pest control game". The game revolves around the player cultivating vegetables on a fictional, futuristic star system. The objective is to win vegetable contests and eventually the All-Universe Vegetable Competition, while setting traps and defense to protect the farm against a species of pest called Baboo.

Players will settle on an asteroid in the Ten-Gallon district of the Nikka Bokka star system with the goal of becoming the best farmer in the universe by growing the ultimate space vegetable, Astro King. The asteroid is inhabited by vermin called "Baboo," which devour crops. Players work with the agricultural helper robot, Mr. Pete, to repel the Baboo raids and engage in farm work.